Welcome Kate!
1. Yeah, I hate that map too, but its random. You won't always get it for every pogrom.
2. I'm not a fan of the Skyranger. I'd recommend switching out to the Pachyderm when you can. Doors that close are Life Savers. The skranger is just so vulnerable its really a detriment. Standard Skyranger tactics are throwing smoke grenades on the ramp and skipping the first turn, hoping that nothing shoots you on the between turn. When you get to the Bonaventura, you will have one of the best landers for the game.
3. Pogroms are designed to be tough. Much harder than the standard early missions.
4. See 2 above.
5. See 3 above
6. Some pogroms can be managed with lots of smoke and scout and snipe tactics.
7. Some pogroms are just worth aborting. You take a points penalty, but if it means you won't lose your entire crew and the drop ship, I have no problem aborting. I sometimes try to make early pogroms a snatch and grab. The goal here is to take down a few enemies and snatch their bodies and loot (maybe higher tech weapons) and get back to the ship and abort. This may provide some researchable items that would other wise be available sooner.
8. You do start with some basic understanding of some items/weapons though you may not have access to purchase or make them yet. This is as designed.
9. Not really. All the non-soldier units have assigned spots. This is pretty inopportune in the skyranger for the advisor, but if it was a Tank, with heavy armor, it might be nice because it would protect the other troops.
10. I like the little scorps. So much reaction training!
11. Leave the Merc Base alone. I have one too in my campaign. The only thing enemy bases really do is generate a small amount of negative points each month and a supply mission. You can farm the supply ships if you are brave and bold, but with Mercs, I'd avoid it entirely until you have end game armor. Keeping the merc base around will also ensure you can farm the base for Merc gear that is actually needed for some of the late game items.
Though its a bit out of date, there is some more great info on the wiki at:
https://www.ufopaedia.org/index.php?title=Piratez