You can see the weather of missions by clicking on the huh? icon if you click on a mission like a ratman rodeo or church of sirius.It will show you the briefing screen which also shows the weather before you even launch your craft,it goes from scorching hot to freezing cold,any other type of temperature doesnt do anything from what i can tell.
Also as with vannila depending on the colour of the pixel in the geoscape you land it will depend on what kind of enviroment you are going to end up at,yellow is sands and sometimes pink sand which causes a lot of stun if you end your turn on it,green vary from grass lands,hills and sometimes deep jungles that might have exploding stun mines in them.White is snow,either a flat landscape or sometimes with rivers from what i saw.As multiple variants exist on the same climate you are going blind to what might be a very dangerous terrain and the only you can do is be ready before you set off to be ready to deal with what you got on your plate.
Some suits like the tribal and furs will automaticaly change depending on the weather on themselves which lessesn micromanagent somewhat